Biases
Bias is an erroneous reasoning at the level of perception, judgement and memory. Some biases stem from the way our senses work (perceptual biases), others are the effects of how we judge, believe and expect (cognitive biases). Repetition effect People tend to judge claims they hear more often as likelier to be true. In other […]
Logical Fallacies
Logical fallacies are some forms of unreliable reasoning or misleading arguments. Any structurally invalid argument is logically fallacious, but there are some recognized patterns of how a logical fallacy is committed. The following list will review some illustrative examples of them. Affirming the consequent: If P then Q QTherefore, P Denying the Antecedent: If […]
Valid argument forms
Argument is the basic unit of our reasoning and communication. The most idealized form of argumentation is a deductive reasoning according to which a good argument: is a valid argument (there is no way for a conclusion to be false if all the premises are true) and has all true premises. An argument that is […]
